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Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries
We have surveyed a sample of 165 solar-type spectroscopic binaries (SB)with periods from 1 to 30 days for higher-order multiplicity. Asubsample of 62 targets were observed with the NACO adaptive opticssystem and 13 new physical tertiary companions were detected. Anadditional 12 new wide companions (5 still tentative) were found usingthe 2MASS all-sky survey. The binaries belong to 161 stellar systems; ofthese 64 are triple, 11 quadruple and 7 quintuple. After correction forincompleteness, the fraction of SBs with additional companions is foundto be 63% ± 5%. We find that this fraction is a strong functionof the SB period P, reaching 96% for P<3d and dropping to34% for P>12^d. Period distributions of SBs with and withouttertiaries are significantly different, but their mass ratiodistributions are identical. The statistical data on the multiplicity ofclose SBs presented in this paper indicates that the periods and massratios of SBs were established very early, but the periods of SB systemswith triples were further shortened by angular momentum exchange withcompanions.
| uvby-β photometry of high-velocity and metal-poor stars. XI. Ages of halo and old disk stars
New uvby-β data are provided for 442 high-velocity and metal-poorstars; 90 of these stars have been observed previously by us, and 352are new. When combined with our previous two photometric catalogues, thedata base is now made up of 1533 high-velocity and metal-poor stars, allwith uvby-β photometry and complete kinematic data, such as propermotions and radial velocities taken from the literature. Hipparcos, plusa new photometric calibration for Mv also based on theHipparcos parallaxes, provide distances for nearly all of these stars;our previous photometric calibrations give values for E(b-y) and [Fe/H].The [Fe/H], V(rot) diagram allows us to separate these stars intodifferent Galactic stellar population groups, such as old-thin-disk,thick-disk, and halo. The X histogram, where X is our stellar-populationdiscriminator combining V(rot) and [Fe/H], and contour plots for the[Fe/H], V(rot) diagram both indicate two probable components to thethick disk. These population groups and Galactic components are studiedin the (b-y)0, Mv diagram, compared to theisochrones of Bergbusch & VandenBerg (2001, ApJ, 556, 322), toderive stellar ages. The two thick-disk groups have the meancharacteristics: ([Fe/H], V(rot), Age, σW') ≈ (-0.7dex, 120 km s-1, 12.5 Gyr, 62.0 km s-1), and≈(-0.4, 160, 10.0, 45.8). The seven most metal-poor halo groups,-2.31 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -1.31, show a mean age of 13.0 ± 0.2(mean error) Gyr, giving a mean difference from the WMAP results for theage of the Universe of 0.7 ± 0.3 Gyr. These results for the agesand components of the thick disk and for the age of the Galactic halofield stars are discussed in terms of various models and ideas for theformation of galaxies and their stellar populations.
| The Mass Ratio Distribution in Main-Sequence Spectroscopic Binaries Measured by Infrared Spectroscopy
We report infrared spectroscopic observations of a large well-definedsample of main-sequence, single-lined spectroscopic binaries to detectthe secondaries and derive the mass ratio distribution of short-periodbinaries. The sample consists of 51 Galactic disk spectroscopic binariesfound in the Carney and Latham high proper motion survey, with primarymasses in the range 0.6-0.85 Msolar. Our infraredobservations detect the secondaries in 32 systems, two of which havemass ratios, q=M2/M1, as low as ~0.20. Togetherwith 11 systems previously identified as double-lined binaries byvisible light spectroscopy, we have a complete sample of 62 binaries, ofwhich 43 are double lined. The mass ratio distribution is approximatelyconstant over the range q=1.0-0.3. The distribution appears to rise atlower q values, but the uncertainties are sufficiently large that wecannot rule out a distribution that remains constant. The massdistribution derived for the secondaries in our sample and that of theextrasolar planets apparently represent two distinct populations.
| On the Mass-Ratio Distribution of Spectroscopic Binaries
In this paper we derive the mass-ratio and secondary-mass distributionsof a large, well-defined, complete sample of 129 spectroscopic binarieswith periods between 1 and 2500 days. The binaries, whose orbits werepublished recently, were detected by a systematic radial-velocity surveyof a sample of more than 1400 large proper motion stars. Three featuresstand out in the mass-ratio distribution: a rise as the mass ratio goesdown to q~0.2, a sharp drop below q~0.2, and a smaller peak at q~0.8.Another way to characterize the results is to state that thedistribution includes two ``populations,'' one with a high asymmetricpeak at q~0.2 and another with a smaller peak at q~0.8, while theminimum between the two populations is centered at q~0.55. The size ofthe binary sample allows us to divide it into two subsamples and lookfor differences in the mass-ratio distributions of the two subsamples.We performed two different divisions: one into Galactic halo versus diskpopulations, and the other into high- and low-mass primary stars (aboveand below 0.67 Msolar). The former division yieldsdifferences with moderate statistical significance of 88%, while thelatter is more significant at a level of 97%. Our analysis suggests thatthe rise toward low mass ratios does not appear in the mass-ratiodistribution of the halo binaries. The other separation shows a broadpeak at mass ratio of q~0.8-1 for the subsample of binaries withlow-mass primaries but no corresponding peak in the subsample withhigh-mass primaries. We discuss our findings and their application totheories of binary formation.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Telescope. III. A Partial Survey of A, F, and G Dwarfs
Two hundred thirty nearby main-sequence stars with spectral types in therange of A to G have been observed by way of speckle interferometryusing the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona. The stars had noprevious mention of duplicity in the literature. Of those observed, 14showed clear evidence of a companion, and 63 were classified assuspected nonsingle based on a power spectrum analysis. The remainingstars discussed show no evidence of duplicity to the limit of thedetection system in high-quality observations. The WIYN Observatory is ajoint facility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, IndianaUniversity, Yale University, and the National Optical AstronomyObservatory.
| A Survey of Proper-Motion Stars. XV. Orbital Solutions for 34 Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries
We present orbital solutions for 34 double-lined spectroscopic binariesfound in the Carney-Latham sample of 1464 stars selected for high propermotion. We use TODCOR, a two-dimensional correlation technique, toextract the velocities for the primary and secondary stars and theirlight ratio. For our single-order echelle spectra, obtained with theCenter for Astrophysics Digital Speedometers, we find that we can reachsecondaries that are as much as 2 mag fainter than their primaries. Theratio of the primary to secondary velocity residuals from the orbitalfit equals approximately the secondary-to-primary light ratio, as wouldbe expected for the photon-limited case. We use our mass and lightratios to evaluate the mass-luminosity relation for metal-poormain-sequence dwarfs in the mass range 0.55-0.8 Msolar. Weassume an L~Mβ relation and find that the exponentat around 5200 Å is 7.4+/-0.6. We find this is in good agreementwith the slope of the corresponding theoretical MV-M 14Gyr isochrones from the VandenBerg & Bell models for metal-poorstars. Some of the results presented here used observations made withthe Multiple Mirror Telescope, a facility operated jointly by theUniversity of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.
| On the origin of binaries with twin components
The existence of a statistically significant excess of dwarf binarieswith mass ratios from 0.95 to 1, as first noted by Lucy & Ricco (?),is confirmed by modern data. Excess of such binaries, called twins, isfound only for periods shorter than 40 days, and in the 2-30 days periodrange they constitute 10-20% of the total binary population. Twins musthave been formed by a special mechanism. It cannot be a mass transfer incontact pre-main-sequence binaries, fission is also unlikely. As shownby Bate (2000), accretion onto a close binary shifts mass ratio towards1, so twins may originate from binaries that became close while stillsurrounded by massive envelopes. Many twins are members ofhigher-multiplicity systems and/or clusters, which probably explains anearly formation of a close binary by stellar dynamics.
| Photoelectric Vilnius Photometry of Hipparcos Turn-Off Region Stars
Seven-color photometry in the Vilnius system and photometricclassification in terms of spectral type, absolute magnitude andmetallicity are presented for 145 Hipparcos stars of the turn-offregion, most of which have parallaxes determined to an accuracy of atleast 15%. The stars selected for the observing program included thoseidentified kinematically as intermediate between the thin disk and halo,plus a number of weak-lined stars discovered previously from objectiveprism surveys. The metallicity distribution we find for a kinematicallydefined sample of possible members of the thick disk has a meanabundance [Fe/H]= --0.3 dex and a dispersion of 0.3 dex. Our data seemto suggest a large age for this intermediate population.
| ROSAT all-sky survey observations of PopII field binaries: X-ray activity of old, metal-poor stellar coronae.
This study represents the first X-ray observations of an extended sampleof Pop II field binaries, aimed at investigating the properties of old,metal-poor stellar coronae. Analysing X-ray observations from the ROSATall-sky survey, we detected only 13 (out of 86) Pop II systems (15%detection rate). The X-ray luminosity function, taking into account bothdetections and upper limits, has its median at logL_x_<=28.1erg/s,indicating a low average X-ray luminosity, with a high-luminosity tailat logL_x_~29-31erg/s. The only extreme metal-poor system detected is HD89499. Thus, the detection rate of extreme Pop II systems is lower thanof intermediate Pop II, possibly indicating extreme Pop II to betypically less luminous. The X-ray luminosity is not very wellcorrelated with orbital period; long-period Pop II binaries may havehigh X-ray luminosities and, surprisingly, short-period systems are notper se strong X-ray emitters. For a subsample of emission-line Pop IIbinaries, i.e. the halo component analogs to the RS CVn binaries, themedian X-ray luminosity is at least one order of magnitude lower thanfor the RS CVns. The lower activity levels of the Pop II systems may becaused in part by the presence of fewer evolved stars in the sample andlower metallicity. The extremely old age of Pop II binaries may alsogive rise to the unexpectedly low X-ray luminosities of some systems(e.g., CD-481741, BD+53080).
| A survey of proper motion stars. 12: an expanded sample
We report new photometry and radial velocities for almost 500 stars fromthe Lowell Proper Motion Catalog. We combine these results with ourprior sample and rederive stellar temperatures based on the photometry,reddening, metallicities (using chi squared matching of our 22,500 lowSignal to Noise (S/N) high resolution echelle spectra with a grid ofsynthetic spectra), distances, space motions, and Galactic orbitalparameters for 1269 (kinematics) and 1261 (metallicity) of the 1464stars in the complete survey. The frequency of spectroscopic binariesfor the metal-poor ((m/H) less than or equal to -1.2) stars with periodsshorter than 3000 days is at least 15%. The spectroscopic binaryfrequency for metal-rich stars ((m/H) greater than -0.5) appears to belower, about 9%, but this may be a selection effect. We also discussspecial classes of stars, including treatment of the double-linedspectroscopic binaries, and identification of subgiants. Four possiblenew members of the class of field blue stragglers are noted. We pointout the detection of three possible new white dwarfs, six broad-lined(binary) systems, and discuss briefly the three already knownnitrogen-rich halo dwarfs. The primary result of this paper will beavailable on CD-ROM, in the form of a much larger table.
| A survey of proper motion stars. XI - Orbits for the second 40 spectroscopic binaries
Orbital solutions and spectroscopic metallicities for a second set of 40spectroscopic binaries found in an extended version of the Carney andLatham survey of proper-motion stars are reported. To investigate thedistribution of orbital eccentricity versus period for a pure sample ofhalo binaries, only those systems more metal poor than m/H = -1.6 areselected. The transition between circular and eccentric orbits is foundto occur at a period of about 19 d. This supports the interpretationthat tidal circularization has been more important on the main sequencethan during the premain-sequence stage for the sample of old binaries inthe halo.
| New subdwarfs. VI - Kinematics of 1125 high-proper-motion stars and the collapse of the Galaxy
The UVW velocity components, planar eccentricities, and angular momentaof 878 high-proper-motion stars are determined using the radial-velocitydata of Fouts and Sandage (1986) and compared with chemical abundancesand photometric parallaxes from the UBV photometry of Sandage and Kowal(1986). The results are presented, along with published data on 247additional stars, in extensive tables and graphs and characterized indetail. Two approximately equal components are differentiated: alow-velocity component identified as part of the thick disk described byGilmore and Reid (1983) and a high-velocity halo component. The data arefound to support a model of Galactic collapse (with concomitant spinupand progressive chemical enrichment) which includes a rotating bulge(the thick disk) with kinematic and metallicity properties between thoseof the old thin disk and the halo.
| New subdwarfs. V - Radial velocities for 889 high-proper-motion stars measured with the Mount Wilson 100 inch reflector
New radial velocities have been obtained from 2265 measurements of 889high-proper-motion stars taken from the subdwarf candidate list of aprevious paper. The observations were made with the Mount Wilson 100 inHooker reflector coude spectrograph with a Reticon detector, giving aninternal error of a single measurement of 4.7 km/s. From 88 stars incommon with previously known subdwarfs; the external error of the datais 6.9 km/s per measurement, and the velocity system is shown to be onthe system of the Wilson General Catalog to better than 1 km/s. Of the878 stars with nonvariable velocities in the sample, 38 have radialvelocities larger than 200 km/s, of which 22 are new. There is acorrelation between radial velocity and reduced ultraviolet excess asexpected from the previously known relations between space motion andchemical composition. The Stroemberg asymmetric drift is directlyvisible in the radial velocity and the proper-motion data separately aseach is displayed as a function of galactic longitude.
| New subdwarfs. IV - UBV photometry of 1690 high-proper-motion stars
A photometric list of 1690 stars of known high proper motion is used tosearch for potential high-velocity stars of various metallicity valuesin order to find candidates for trigonometric programs on subdwarfs andto enlarge the sample with which to study the relation between stellarkinematics and metal abundance. A list of 113 stars with tangentialspace velocities of 300 km/s or greater is obtained, the highesttangential velocity relative to the sun being 630 km/s. By using thevariation of the tangential velocity with longitude and adopting thegalactic rotation at the solar circle to be 220 km/s, the rotation ofthe subdwarf system is estimated at 0 + or - 50 km/s from the transversevelocity alone, in agreement with determinations based on other methods.
| G. P. Kuiper's spectral classifications of proper-motion stars
Spectral classifications are listed for over 3200 stars, mainly of largeproper motion, observed and classified by Kuiper during the years1937-1944 at the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories. While Kuiper himselfpublished many of his types, and while improved classifications are nowavailable for many of these stars, much of value remains. For many ofthe objects, no other spectral data exist.
| Possible nearby stars brighter than tenth magnitude
Basic data are compiled for 447 stars brighter than 10th visualmagnitude which may be within 25 pc of the sun and are missing from boththe Gliese (1969) and the Woolley et al. (1970) catalogs of nearbystars. The list includes 245 stars with photometric parallaxes, 17 starswith trigonometric parallaxes, and nine stars with dynamical parallaxes,all of which parallaxes are at least 0.040 arcsec, as well as 176 likelycandidates. The stars are grouped into six categories according to thereliability of absolute-magnitude estimates and ranked within each groupon the basis of calculated distance. The distance estimates incorporatea kinematic correction to the photometric parallaxes which is based onthe size of a star's proper motion. A list of stars brighter than 10thmag which appear in the Gliese but not in the Woolley et al. catalog isalso provided to facilitate cross-reference with existing catalogs ofnearby stars.
| Positions moyennes et mouvements propres de 355 etoiles DU GC de la zone de declinaison +33 +36.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976A&AS...26..219M&db_key=AST
| Lowell proper motions III : proper motion survey of the Northern Hemisphere with the 13-inch photographic telescope of the Lowell Observatory
Not Available
| Lowell proper motions II : proper motion survey of the Northern Hemisphere with the 13-inch photographic telescope of the Lowell Observatory
Not Available
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