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Search for associations containing young stars (SACY). III. Ages and Li abundances
Context: Our study is a follow-up of the SACY project, an extended highspectral resolution survey of more than two thousand opticalcounterparts to X-ray sources in the southern hemisphere targeted tosearch for young nearby association. Nine associations have either beennewly identified, or have had their member list revised. Groupsbelonging to the Sco-Cen-Oph complex are not considered in the presentstudy. Aims: These nine associations, with ages of between about 6Myr and 70 Myr, form an excellent sample to study the Li depletion inthe pre-main sequence (PMS) evolution. In the present paper, weinvestigate the use of Li abundances as an independent clock toconstrain the PMS evolution. Methods: Using our measurements ofthe equivalent widths of the Li resonance line and assuming fixedmetallicities and microturbulence, we calculated the LTE Li abundancesfor 376 members of various young associations. In addition, weconsidered the effects of their projected stellar rotation.Results: We present the Li depletion as a function of age in the firsthundred million years for the first time for the most extended sample ofLi abundances in young stellar associations. Conclusions: A clearLi depletion can be measured in the temperature range from 5000 K to3500 K for the age span covered by the nine associations studied in thispaper. The age sequence based on the Li-clock agrees well with theisochronal ages, the ?Cha association being the only possibleexception. The lithium depletion patterns for the associations presentedhere resemble those of the young open clusters with similar ages,strengthening the notion that the members proposed for these loose youngassociations have indeed a common physical origin. The observed scatterin the Li abundances hampers the use of Li in determining reliable agesfor individual stars. For velocities above 20 km s-1,rotation seems to play an important role in inhibiting the Li depletion.Based on observations collected at the ESO - La Silla and at theLNA-OPD.Tables [see full textsee full text]-[see full textsee full text] areonly available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| A catalogue of chromospherically active binary stars (third edition)
The catalogue of chromospherically active binaries (CABs) has beenrevised and updated. With 203 new identifications, the number of CABstars is increased to 409. The catalogue is available in electronicformat where each system has a number of lines (suborders) with a uniqueorder number. The columns contain data of limited numbers of selectedcross references, comments to explain peculiarities and the position ofthe binarity in case it belongs to a multiple system, classicalidentifications (RS Canum Venaticorum, BY Draconis), brightness andcolours, photometric and spectroscopic data, a description of emissionfeatures (CaII H and K, Hα, ultraviolet, infrared),X-ray luminosity, radio flux, physical quantities and orbitalinformation, where each basic entry is referenced so users can go to theoriginal sources.
| Search for associations containing young stars (SACY). I. Sample and searching method
We report results from a high-resolution optical spectroscopic surveyaimed to search for nearby young associations and young stars amongoptical counterparts of ROSAT All-Sky Survey X-ray sources in theSouthern Hemisphere. We selected 1953 late-type (B-V~≥~0.6),potentially young, optical counterparts out of a total of 9574 1RXSsources for follow-up observations. At least one high-resolutionspectrum was obtained for each of 1511 targets. This paper is the firstin a series presenting the results of the SACY survey. Here we describeour sample and our observations. We describe a convergence method in the(UVW) velocity space to find associations. As an example, we discuss thevalidity of this method in the framework of the β Pic Association.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Kinematics of chromospherically active binaries and evidence of an orbital period decrease in binary evolution
The kinematics of 237 chromospherically active binaries (CABs) werestudied. The sample is heterogeneous with different orbits andphysically different components from F to M spectral-type main-sequencestars to G and K giants and supergiants. The computed U, V, W spacevelocities indicate that the sample is also heterogeneous in velocityspace. That is, both kinematically younger and older systems exist amongthe non-evolved main sequence and the evolved binaries containing giantsand subgiants. The kinematically young (0.95 Gyr) subsample (N= 95),which is formed according to the kinematical criteria of moving groups,was compared with the rest (N= 142) of the sample (3.86 Gyr) toinvestigate any observational clues of binary evolution. Comparing theorbital period histograms between the younger and older subsamples,evidence was found supporting the finding of Demircan that the CABs losemass (and angular momentum) and evolve towards shorter orbital periods.The evidence of mass loss is noticeable on the histograms of the totalmass (Mh+Mc), which is compared between theyounger (only N= 53 systems available) and older subsamples (only N= 66systems available). The orbital period decrease during binary evolutionis found to be clearly indicated by the kinematical ages of 6.69, 5.19and 3.02 Gyr which were found in the subsamples according to the periodranges of logP<= 0.8, 0.8 < logP<= 1.7 and 1.7 < logP<=3, respectively, among the binaries in the older subsample.
| Photometric and TiO modelling of the starspots on AG Dor and HU Vir
In this work, spot parameters are determined for two stars, namely,AG Dor and HU Vir, from theirphotometric variability and lambda 7055 Å TiO band depth. Applyingthe photometric modelling code SPOTPIC, we have found two modulatingspots together with a non-modulating component on the photosphere of AGDor in December 96/January 97. The spot temperatures are constrained tobe between 4300 K and 4600 K for the modulating component, and cooler,viz., 4000 K, for the non-modulating one. Therefore, the non-modulatingcomponent of the spot distribution on AG Dor at this epoch is held to betotally responsible for the presence of the TiO band in the spectra ofthis K1 dwarf with photospheric temperature of 5000 K. AG Dor's totalcoverage of spots is determined to be between 4% and 7% for themodulating component and 26.5% for the non-modulating one. For HU Vir,the light and colour curves were modelled with two spots withtemperatures of 4450 and 4050 K. In this case we did not include thenon-modulating component in the model.
| Monitoring of spotted RS CVn and BY Dra type stars. I. Simultaneous optical and infrared photometry
UBV(RI)cJHK photometry of 6 active stars, collected at theSouth African Astronomical Observatory in 1996 and 1997, is presented.The light and colour curves, which are compared with those observed atprevious epochs, show significant variation in their wave-likemodulation and in their maximum brightness.
| On X-Ray Variability in Active Binary Stars
We have compared the X-ray emissions of active binary stars observed atvarious epochs by the Einstein and ROSAT satellites in order toinvestigate the nature of their X-ray variability. The primary aim ofthis work is to determine whether or not active binaries exhibitlong-term variations in X-ray emission, perhaps analogous to theobserved cyclic behavior of solar magnetic activity. We find that, whilethe mean level of emission of the sample remains steady, comparison ofdifferent ROSAT observations of the same stars shows significantvariation on timescales <~2 yr, with an ``effective variability''ΔI/I=0.32+/-0.04, where I and ΔI represent the mean emissionand variation from the mean emission, respectively. A comparison of theROSAT All-Sky Survey and later pointed observations with earlierobservations of the same stars carried out with Einstein yields onlymarginal evidence for a larger variation (ΔI/I=0.38+/-0.04 forEinstein vs. ROSAT All-Sky Survey and 0.46+/-0.05 for Einstein vs. ROSATpointed) at these longer timescales (~10 yr), thus indicating thepossible presence of a long-term component to the variability. Whetheror not this long-term component is due to the presence of cyclicvariability cannot be decided on the basis of existing data. However,assuming that this component is analogous to the observed cyclicvariability of the Sun, we find that the relative magnitude of thecyclic component in the ROSAT passband can, at most, be a factor of 4,i.e., I_cyc/I_min<4. This is to be compared with the correspondingbut significantly higher solar value of ~10-10^2 derived from GOES,Yohkoh, and Solrad data. These results are consistent with thesuggestions of earlier studies that a turbulent or distributive dynamomight be responsible for the observed magnetic activity on the mostactive, rapidly rotating stars.
| Radio star catalogue observed in San Juan (RSSJ95)
Using the data observed in San Juan with the photoelectric AstrolabeMark II of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory from February, 1992 toMarch, 1997, the radio star catalogue in San Juan(RSSJ95) has beencompiled. There are 69 radio stars in this catalogue. The positions ofthe radio stars are for the epoch of observation and the equinox J2000.0and a system close to that of the system FK5. The mean precisions are+/-2.2 ms and +/-0.035'' in right ascensions and declinations,respectively. The magnitudes of stars are from 0.9 to 10.7. Thedeclinations are from -2fdg 5 to -60(deg) . The mean epoch is 1995.1.Finally, the comparison results between the Hipparcos catalogue andRSSJ95 are given.
| San Juan radio star catalogue and comparison with HIPPARCOS catalogue.
Not Available
| Starspot photometry with robotic telescopes: Continuous UBV and V(RI)_C photometry of 23 stars in 1991-1996
We report on the progress of our ongoing photometric monitoring programof spotted late-type stars with automatic photoelectric telescopes(APTs) on Mt. Hopkins in Arizona and on Mt. Etna in Sicily. We present9,250 differential UBV and/or V(RI)_C observations for altogether 23chromospherically active stars, singles and binaries, pre main sequenceand post main sequence, taken between 1991 and 1996. The variabilitymechanism of our target stars is mostly rotational modulation by anasymmetrically spotted stellar surface. Therefore, precise rotationalperiods and their seasonal variations are determined using baselinesbetween 3 years for HD 129333 to 34 years for V410 Tauri. We report thelargest V light-curve amplitude of any spotted star observed to date:0.65" for V410 Tau in 1994-95. Long-term variations of the overall lightlevels of our target stars are sometimes of similar amplitude as therotational modulation itself and are most likely caused by an analog ofthe solar 11-year spot cycle but mostly without a well-definedperiodicity. For some of our target stars (HD 12545, HD 17433, EI Eri,V410 Tau, LQ Hya, and HD 106225) we estimate a probable cycle period. Acomplete light curve of the semi-regular S-type giant HR Pegasii ispresented. All data are available via the WorldWideWeb. Data areavailable at the CDS via anonymous ftp.
| EUV Emission from RS Canum Venaticorum binaries.
We performed a study of 104 RS CVn systems in the extreme ultraviolet(EUV) using the all-sky survey data obtained by the Extreme UltravioletExplorer (EUVE). The present sample includes several new RS CVndetections; 11 more than in the published EUVE catalogs, and 8 more thanin the ROSAT Wide Field Camera catalog. The ratio of detections tonon-detections remained constant throughout the sky, implying that ourdetections are not limited by the exposure time but are most likelylimited by absorption from the interstellar medium. A general trend ofincreasing Lex/B (50-180Å) flux with decreasing rotational periodis clear. The dwarf systems exhibit a leveling-off for the fasterrotators. In contrast, the evolved systems exhibit no such effect. Forthe RS CVn systems the losses in the EUV represent a smaller fraction ofthe coronal radiative losses, as compared to active late-type dwarfs.
| The emission of the RS CVn binaries in the IRAS passbands.
In the literature, there is an ambiguity pertaining to the existence ofa far-IR excess in RS CVn systems. In the current paper we undertook astudy of the behaviour of 103 such systems in the IRAS passbands. Wefound 72 acceptable detections in the 12μm band, and 40 in the25μm band (50% more than the IRAS Point Source Catalog). Although ourfindings may be interpreted as indicating towards the existence of anexcess beyond 12μm for some systems, the evidence is not conclusivein all but two cases. These are systems GX Lib and HR 7428, with Capellabeing the only system where the IRAS fluxes in all four bands originatefrom the stellar photosphere. Given the accuracy of the data we did notfind 12μm excess for any system. We argue that the IRAS data alonecannot settle the issue, as their uncertainty is, in many cases, higherthan what the Signal-to-Noise ratio of each observation implies.Furthermore, at the higher wavelength bands the IRAS angular resolutiondrops from 0.5' at 12μm to 2' at 100μm and the background becomesvery complex, so one cannot be certain about the origin of the observedflux. The existence of IR excess in the RS CVn stars is important as faras the evolutionary scenarios for these systems are concerned. Futuremissions such as the Infrared Space Observatory will return moresensitive and accurate measurements and the ambiguity can be removed.The fluxes we quote will be helpful when planning these futureobservations, as we provide more accurate photometry and for a largerselection of sources than the IRAS Point Source Catalog.
| The 72nd Name-List of Variable Stars
Not Available
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| Rotational modulation and flares on RS Canum Venaticorum and BY Draconis stars. 18: Coordinated VLA, ROSAT, and IUE observations of RS CVn binaries
As part of a coordinated program of multi-wavelength observations of RSCVn close binary systems, we observed 15 systems with the Very LargeArray (VLA) and 10 systems with IUE, simultaneously or nearlysimultaneously with the ROSAT All Sky Survey observations of thesestars. Of the 22 systems observed with ROSAT, three were observed bothby IUE and the VLA. Radio observations were made at 3.6, 6 and 20 cm. Ofthe 15 observed RS CVn systems, we detected 11 with greater than 4 sigmaconfidence at one or more wavelengths. The IUE observations were madewithin the RIASS (ROSAT-IUE All Sky Survey) program. We present theresults of the VLA observations, along with the corresponding subsets ofthe ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) X-ray and WideField Camera (WFC) XUV survey, and RIASS IUE observations. We obtainedan extended VLA/IUE/ROSAT simultaneous coverage of one system, TY Pyx,covering more than one orbital period. These observations reveal thatthe quiescent radio flux of TY Pyx is relatively constant over timescales of up to 7 hours, but that it did change by a factor of 3 over 24hours, probably due to a flare on 1990 Nov. 12. The UV, XUV and X-rayfluxes do not show large day-to-day or phase-related variability. Theobservation of the decay phase of a radio flare on EI Eri, with noaccompanying X-ray or XUV flare, suggests that the lack of a strongcorrelation between X-ray and radio flares previously noted for dMeflare stars holds for RS CVn systems as well. We suggest that the radioflare may have been due to a coherent emission process such as electroncyclotron emission. The simultaneous measurements presented here providea unique test of the general correlation between radio and soft X-rayluminosities, Lradio approximately Lx exp m (Drakeet al. 1989) with a power-law slope close to unity, which was previouslyderived using data obtained years apart. Our derived slopes areconsistent with and thus support the general correlations betweencoronal and chromospheric/transition region emissions previously derivedfrom nonsimultaneous measurements of a much larger sample of thesevariable sources. However, the importance of simultaneous measurementsfor accurate energy balance calculations is stressed.
| Chromospheric activity in G and K giants: the spectroscopic data base
I present high-resolution CCD spectra of CaII H and K emission lines of59 evolved stars of spectral type G and K and luminosity Class III,III-IV, and IV. This includes active stars like RS CVn binaries but alsoactive and inactive single stars. Most of the objects were observed forthe first time and several were discovered to be chromosphericallyactive. Spectra for ten stars of luminosity Class V are also given.
| Chromospheric activity in G and K giants and their rotation-activity relation
We obtained high-resolution CCD spectra of Ca II H and K emission linesof 59 evolved stars of spectral type G and K and luminosity class III,III-IV, and IV. Our sample includes active stars like RS CVn binariesbut also active and inactive single stars. Whenever possible wedetermine absolute emission line surface fluxes and use them,supplemented by previously published fluxes from high-resolutionspectra, to quantify the rotation-activity relation for evolved stars.We find that the Ca II surface fluxes from evolved stars scale linearlywith stellar rotational velocity and that the flux from the cooler starsdepends stronger upon rotation than the flux from the hotter stars, inagreement with previous findings for main-sequence stars. However, largescatter indicates that rotational velocity might not be the onlyrelevant parameter. We also present some evidence for the existence of a'basal' flux for evolved stars that scales approximately with the eightpower of the effective surface temperature.
| The active dynamo stars: RS CVn, BY Dra, FK Com, Algol, W UMa, and T Tau
Not Available
| A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars (second edition)
The catalog contains 206 spectroscopic binary systems with at least onelate-type component that shows Ca II H and K emission in its spectrum.These systems include the classical RS CVn binaries and BY Dra binaries.The catalog summarizes information on the photometric, spectroscopic,orbital, and physical properties of the systems as well as space motionsand positions. Up to 42 'parameters' for each stellar system are listedfollowed by the appropriate reference to direct interested colleagues tothe original papers. A comprehensive selection of further informationfor each star is given in the individual notes. In addition, the catalogcontains a candidate list of 138 stars that have similar characteristicsbut are not definitely known binaries or have not had Ca II H and Kemission observed.
| The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of active binary coronae. I - Quiescent fluxes for the RS Canum Venaticorum systems
One hundred and thirty-six RS CV(n) active binary systems were observedwith the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) during theAll-Sky Survey component of the mission. The entire sky was surveyed,which represents the largest sample of RS CV(n) systems observed to dateat any wavelength, including X-rays. X-ray surface fluxes for the RSCV(n) systems are found to lie in the range 10 exp 4 to 10 exp 8 ergs/sqcm seconds. Surface flux as a function of (B - V) color is reported. Adecrease in surface flux with increasing rotation period for the entiresample is observed. The rotation period provides the best stellar ororbital parameter to predict the X-ray surface flux level. The absenceof correlation of F(x) or L(x) with Gamma is noted due to the fact thatthe coronal heating mechanism for these active stars must be magnetic incharacter, and the magnetic field depends on the interaction betweenconvection and differential rotation inside the star. X-ray propertiesof the RS CV(n) systems with 6 cm radio and C IV UV emission systems iscompared.
| On the Rotation Period of HD 39576
Not Available
| Kinematics and age of RS Canum Venaticorum and by Draconis stars
Space velocities of 146 chromospherically active binary stars have beencalculated. Containing F-M spectral types on the main sequence togetherwith G and K giants and subgiants, this very heterogeneous sample hasbeen divided into groups in order to segregate stars which have similarkinematics and ages. After many trials for different criteria, thesample was divided into five groups - two groups for giants, two groupsfor main-sequence systems, and one group for main-sequence systems.Kinematics of subgiants implies a stellar age of about 2-3 Gyr. Youngand old groups of giants and main-sequence systems could becharacterized by a kinematical age of about 1 Gyr and more than 5 Gyr,respectively. These ages are estimated approximately according to spacevelocity distributions and dispersions in velocity space in each group.Inferred ages for the groups above agrees with circulation, rotationactivity relation, and stellar evolution theories.
| Optical positions of radiostars. III
Precise optical positions, relative to either the Perth 70 or the AGK3Rcatalog have been obtained for 44 radiostars proposed to the Hipparcosobserving list. Precision levels between 0.17 and 0.28 arcsec wereobtained.
| An astrometric catalogue of radio stars
The first part is presented of a radio star catalog encompassing 186objects whose selection was guided by the priority criteria of theHipparchos Input Catalogue Consortium. Since these criteria are wellsuited to the need for linkage of ground-based optical systems to radioreference frames, this first selection is also considered a suitablebase for the catalog. Seventeen categories of stellar parameters arefurnished for each of the stars, including optical and radio positions,optical and radio parallax, radial velocity, type of variability, andoptical structure.
| A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars
A catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars is presented,including the class of RS CVn, BY Dra binaries, and other binaries whichshow strong Ca II H and K emission in their spectra. The catalogcontains information on the photometric, spectroscopic, orbital, andphysical properties of the systems as well as the space motions andpositions. Summarized in a candidate list are in additional 37 starshaving similar characteristics but which are not definitely knownbinaries or have not had H and K emission observed. The catalog containsstars in both the northern and the southern sky.
| A microwave survey of southern active stars
The results of a survey of 153 active-chromosphere stars made with theParkes 64-m telescope at 5.0/8.4 GHz from 1981 to 1987 are reported.Microwave emission was detected from 70 stars on at least one occasion,with the highest detection rate of 68 percent from the RS CVn group. TheCa II stars and Algol-type binaries yielded detection rates of 44 and 30percent, respectively. The maximum powers emitted by the stars at5.0/8.4 GHz ranged over five orders of magnitude, with a median of 2.5 x10 to the 10th W/Hz. The maximum brightness temperatures had a smallerrange of three orders of magnitude, with a median of 3.6 x 10 to the 9thK.
| Discovery of three new RS Canum Venaticorum-like counterparts to HEAO I X-ray sources
The identification of three high-latitude HEAO I Scanning ModulationCollimator X-ray sources with the chromospherically active RS CVn-likestars HD 113816, HD 146413, and HD 39576 is reported. Opticalobservations, including coude spectroscopy and broad-band and narrowband photoelectric photometry are presented. The Ca II emission strengthof all three stars shows that they are chromospherically active. HD146413 and HD 39576 exhibit variable X-ray emission in the 1-13 keVenergy range, while HD 113816 is a softer and steadier source. The levelof X-ray flux detected from these three stars is some one to two ordersof magnitude higher than predicted empirically from the Ca II emissionfluxes. It is proposed that this emission results from flarelikeactivity.
| Infrared properties of CP stars
Seventeen chemically peculiar stars of type CP2 and CP4 have beenobserved in the infrared bands J, H, K, L and M. Flux excesses in theM-band, previously reported by Groote and Kaufmann (1983) could not beconfirmed. A detector nonlinearity may be responsible for contradictingobservational results. No indications for dust shells or othercircumstellar matter around CP stars could be found. The photometricvariability in the IR - if present - is smaller than about 0.05magnitudes for the observed stars.
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