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The Chemical Compositions of Variable Field Horizontal-branch Stars: RR Lyrae Stars
We present a detailed abundance study of 11 RR Lyrae ab-type variables:AS Vir, BS Aps, CD Vel, DT Hya, RV Oct, TY Gru, UV Oct, V1645 Sgr, WYAnt, XZ Aps, and Z Mic. High-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratioechelle spectra of these variables were obtained with the 2.5 m du Ponttelescope at the Las Campanas Observatory. We obtained more than 2300spectra, roughly 200 spectra per star, distributed more or lessuniformly throughout the pulsational cycles. A new method has beendeveloped to obtain the initial effective temperatures of our samplestars at a specific pulsational phase. We find that the abundance ratiosare generally consistent with those of similar metallicity field starsin different evolutionary states and throughout the pulsational cyclesfor RR Lyrae stars. TY Gru remains the only n-capture enriched staramong the RRab in our sample. A new relation is found betweenmicroturbulence and effective temperature among stars of thehorizontal-branch population. In addition, the variation ofmicroturbulence as a function of phase is empirically shown to besimilar to the theoretical variation. Finally, we conclude that thederived T eff and log g values of our sample stars follow thegeneral trend of a single mass evolutionary track.
| Random forest automated supervised classification of Hipparcos periodic variable stars
We present an evaluation of the performance of an automatedclassification of the Hipparcos periodic variable stars into 26 types.The sub-sample with the most reliable variability types available in theliterature is used to train supervised algorithms to characterize thetype dependencies on a number of attributes. The most useful attributesevaluated with the random forest methodology include, in decreasingorder of importance, the period, the amplitude, the V-I colour index,the absolute magnitude, the residual around the folded light-curvemodel, the magnitude distribution skewness and the amplitude of thesecond harmonic of the Fourier series model relative to that of thefundamental frequency. Random forests and a multi-stage scheme involvingBayesian network and Gaussian mixture methods lead to statisticallyequivalent results. In standard 10-fold cross-validation (CV)experiments, the rate of correct classification is between 90 and 100per cent, depending on the variability type. The main mis-classificationcases, up to a rate of about 10 per cent, arise due to confusion betweenSPB and ACV blue variables and between eclipsing binaries, ellipsoidalvariables and other variability types. Our training set and thepredicted types for the other Hipparcos periodic stars are availableonline.
| BAV-Results of Observations - Photoelectric minima of selected eclipsing binaries and maxima of pulsating stars.
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| Recent Maxima of 64 Short Period Pulsating Stars
This paper contains times of maxima for 64 short period pulsating stars(primarily RR Lyrae and d Scuti stars). This represents a portion of theCCD observations received by the AAVSO Short Period Pulsator (SPP)section through December 2009.
| BAV-Results of Observations - Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Automated Variable Star Classification Using the Northern Sky Variability Survey
We have identified 4659 variable objects in the Northern Sky VariabilitySurvey. We have classified each of these objects into one of the fivevariable star classes: (1) Algol/β Lyr systems includingsemidetached, and detached eclipsing binaries, (2) W Ursae Majorisovercontact and ellipsoidal variables, (3) long-period variables such asCepheid and Mira-type objects, (4) RR Lyr pulsating variables, and (5)short-period variables including δ Scuti stars. All the candidateshave outside of eclipse magnitudes of ~10-13. The primary classificationtool is the use of Fourier coefficients combined with period informationand light-curve properties to make the initial classification. Briefmanual inspection was done on all light curves to remove nonperiodicvariables that happened to slip through the process and to quantify anyerrors in the classification pipeline. We list the coordinates, period,Two Micron All Sky Survey colors, total amplitude variation, and anyprevious classification of the object. 548 objects previously identifiedas Algols in our previous paper are not included here.
| BAV-Results of Observations - Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| A new method for determining physical parameters of fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars from multicolour light curves
We present a new method for determining physical parameters of RRabvariables exclusively from multicolour light curves. Our method is aninverse photometric Baade-Wesselink analysis which, using a non-linearleast-squares algorithm, searches for the effective temperature(Teff) and pulsational velocity (Vp) curves andother physical parameters that best fit the observed light curves,utilizing synthetic colours and bolometric corrections from staticatmosphere models. The Teff and Vp curves areinitially derived from empirical relations then they are varied by thefitting algorithm. The method yields the variations and the absolutevalues of the radius, the effective temperature, the visual brightnessand the luminosity of individual objects. Distance and mass are alsodetermined. The method is tested on nine RRab stars subjected toBaade-Wesselink analyses earlier by several authors. The physicalparameters derived by our method using only the light-curve data ofthese stars are well within their possible ranges defined by directBaade-Wesselink and other techniques. A new empirical relation betweenthe IC magnitude and the pulsational velocity is alsopresented, which allows to construct the Vp curve of an RRabstar purely from photometric observations to an accuracy of about 3.5kms-1.
| BAV-Results of observations
This 62nd compilation contains the results of visual observations ofBAV-members from the years 2007 and 2008. Here we publish altogether 337minima and maxima of 201 eclipsing binaries, pulsating and eruptivestars. The data were acquired by 14 observers. The compilation containsalso one photographic- and two ccd-results.
| BAV-Results of observations - Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| BAV-Results observations.
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| The luminosities and distance scales of type II Cepheid and RR Lyrae variables
Infrared and optical absolute magnitudes are derived for the type IICepheids κ Pav and VY Pyx using revised Hipparcos parallaxes andfor κ Pav, V553 Cen and SW Tau from pulsational parallaxes.Revised Hipparcos and HST parallaxes for RR Lyrae agree satisfactorilyand are combined in deriving absolute magnitudes. Phase-corrected J, Hand Ks mags are given for 142 Hipparcos RR Lyraes based onTwo-Micron All-Sky Survey observations. Pulsation and trigonometricalparallaxes for classical Cepheids are compared to establish the bestvalue for the projection factor (p) used in pulsational analyses.The MV of RR Lyrae itself is 0.16 +/- 0.12 mag brighter thanpredicted from an MV-[Fe/H] relation based on RR Lyrae starsin the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) at a modulus of 18.39 +/- 0.05 asfound from classical Cepheids. This is consistent with the prediction ofCatelan & Cortés that it is overluminous for its metallicity.The results for the metal- and carbon-rich Galactic disc stars, V553 Cenand SW Tau, each with small internal errors (+/-0.08 mag) have a meandeviation of only 0.02 mag from the period-luminosity (PL) relationestablished by Matsunaga et al. for type II Cepheids in globularclusters and with a zero-point based on the same LMC-scale. Comparingdirectly the luminosities of these two stars with published data on typeII Cepheids in the LMC and in the Galactic bulge leads to an LMC modulusof 18.37 +/- 0.09 and a distance to the Galactic Centre of R0= 7.64 +/- 0.21kpc. The data for VY Pyx agree with these results withinthe uncertainties set by its parallax. Evidence is presented thatκ Pav may have a close companion and possible implications of thisare discussed. If the pulsational parallax of this star is incorporatedin the analyses, the distance scales just discussed will be increased by~0.15 +/- 0.15 mag. V553 Cen and SW Tau show that at optical wavelengthsPL relations are wider for field stars than for those in globularclusters. This is probably due to a narrower range of masses in thelatter case.
| Pulsational and evolutionary analysis of the double-mode RR Lyrae star BSCom
We derive the basic physical parameters of the field double-mode RRLyrae star BSCom from its observed periods and the requirement ofconsistency between the pulsational and evolutionary constraints. Byusing the current solar-scaled horizontal branch evolutionary models ofPietrinferni et al. and our linear non-adiabatic purely radiativepulsational models, we get M/Msolar = 0.698 +/- 0.004,log(L/Lsolar) = 1.712 +/- 0.005, Teff = 6840 +/-14K, [Fe/H] = -1.67 +/- 0.01, where the errors are standard deviationsassuming uniform age distribution along the full range of uncertainty inage. The last two parameters are in a good agreement with the onesderived from the observed BVIC colours and the updated ATLAS9stellar atmosphere models. We get Teff = 6842 +/- 10K, [Fe/H]= -1.58 +/- 0.11, where the errors are purely statistical ones. It isremarkable that the derived parameters are nearly independent of stellarage at early evolutionary stages. Later stages, corresponding to theevolution towards the asymptotic giant branch, are most probablyexcluded because the required high temperatures are less likely tosatisfy the constraints posed by the colours. We also show that ourconclusions are only weakly sensitive to non-linear period shiftspredicted by current hydrodynamical models.
| The Extinction Toward the Galactic Bulge from RR Lyrae Stars
We present mean reddenings toward 3525 RR0 Lyrae stars from the Galacticbulge fields of the MACHO Survey. These reddenings are determined usingthe color at minimum V-band light of the RR0 Lyrae stars themselves andare found to be in general agreement with extinction estimates at thesame location obtained from other methods. Using 3256 stars located inthe Galactic Bulge, we derive the selective extinction coefficientRV,VR = AV/E(V - R) = 4.3 ± 0.2. This valueis what is expected for a standard extinction law with RV,BV= 3.1 ± 0.3.
| Korrekturen zu Vorhersagen im BAV Circular 2008.
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| Einfuhrung quadratischer Lichtwechselelemente.
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| Stellar evolution through the ages: period variations in galactic RRab stars as derived from the GEOS database and TAROT telescopes
Context: The theory of stellar evolution can be more closely tested ifwe have the opportunity to measure new quantities. Nowadays,observations of galactic RR Lyr stars are available on a time baselineexceeding 100 years. Therefore, we can exploit the possibility ofinvestigating period changes, continuing the pioneering work started byV. P. Tsesevich in 1969. Aims: We collected the available times ofmaximum brightness of the galactic RR Lyr stars in the GEOS RR Lyrdatabase. Moreover, we also started new observational projects,including surveys with automated telescopes, to characterise the O-Cdiagrams better. Methods: The database we built has proved to be a verypowerful tool for tracing the period variations through the ages. Weanalyzed 123 stars showing a clear O-C pattern (constant, parabolic orerratic) by means of different least-squares methods. Results: Clearevidence of period increases or decreases at constant rates has beenfound, suggesting evolutionary effects. The median values are β =+0.14 d Myr-1 for the 27 stars showing a period increase andβ = -0.20 d Myr-1 for the 21 stars showing a perioddecrease. The large number of RR Lyr stars showing a period decrease(i.e., blueward evolution) is a new and intriguing result. There is anexcess of RR Lyr stars showing large, positive β values. Moreover,the observed β values are slightly larger than those predicted bytheoretical models.Tables 3, 4, 5 and Figs. 2, 3 are only available in electronic form athttp://www.aanda.org
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| The GEOS RR Lyr Survey
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| The GEOS RR Lyr Survey
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| Computation of the Fourier parameters of RR Lyrae stars by template fitting
Aims.Due to the importance of accurate Fourier parameters, we devise amethod that is more appropriate for deriving these parameters forlow-quality data than the traditional Fourier fitting. Methods: Basedon the accurate light curves of 248 fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars, wetest the power of a full-fetched implementation of the template methodin the computation of the Fourier decomposition. The applicability ofthe method is also demonstrated on data sets of filter passbandsdifferent from those of the template set. Results: We examine in moredetail the question of the estimation of Fourier-based iron abundance[Fe/H] and average brightness. We get, for example, for light curvessampled randomly in 30 data points with σ=0.03 mag observationalnoise, that optimized direct Fourier fits yield σ([Fe/H])=0.33,whereas the template fits result in σ([Fe/H])=0.18. Tests made onthe RR Lyrae database of the Large Magellanic Cloud of the OpticalGravitational Lensing Experiment support the applicability of the methodon real photometric time series. These tests also show that the dominantpart of error in estimating the average brightness comes from othersources, most probably from crowding effects, even for under-sampledlight curves.
| Von Deep-Sky zu den Veraenderlichen.
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| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
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| Analysis of RR Lyrae Stars in the Northern Sky Variability Survey
We use data from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS), obtainedfrom the first-generation Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment(ROTSE-I), to identify and study RR Lyrae variable stars in the solarneighborhood. We initially identified 1197 RRab (RR0) candidate starsbrighter than the ROTSE median magnitude V=14. Periods, amplitudes, andmean V magnitudes are determined for a subset of 1188 RRab stars withwell-defined light curves. Metallicities are determined for 589 stars bythe Fourier parameter method and by the relationship between period,amplitude, and [Fe/H]. We comment on the difficulties of clearlyclassifying RRc (RR1) variables in the NSVS data set. Distances to theRRab stars are calculated using an adopted luminosity-metallicityrelation with corrections for interstellar extinction. The 589 RRabstars in our final sample are used to study the properties of the RRabpopulation within 5 kpc of the Sun. The Bailey diagram of period versusamplitude shows that the largest component of this sample belongs toOosterhoff type I. Metal-rich ([Fe/H]>-1) RRab stars appear to beassociated with the Galactic disk. Our metal-rich RRab sample mayinclude a thin-disk, as well as a thick-disk population, although theuncertainties are too large to establish this. There is some evidenceamong the metal-rich RRab stars for a decline in scale height withincreasing [Fe/H], as was found by Layden. The distribution of RRabstars with -1<[Fe/H]<-1.25 indicates that within this metallicityrange the RRab stars are a mixture of stars belonging to halo and diskpopulations.
| A catalogue of RR Lyrae stars from the Northern Sky Variability Survey
A search for RR Lyrae stars has been conducted in the publicly availabledata of the Northern Sky Variability Survey. Candidates have beenselected by the statistical properties of their variation; the standarddeviation, skewness and kurtosis with appropriate limits determined froma sample 314 known RRab and RRc stars listed in the General Catalogue ofVariable Stars. From the period analysis and light-curve shape of over3000 candidates 785 RR Lyrae have been identified of which 188 arepreviously unknown. The light curves were examined for the Blazhkoeffect and several new stars showing this were found. Six double-mode RRLyrae stars were also found of which two are new discoveries. Somepreviously known variables have been reclassified as RR Lyrae stars andsimilarly some RR Lyrae stars have been found to be other types ofvariable, or not variable at all.
| The GEOS RR Lyr Survey
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| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| Proper identification of RR Lyrae stars brighter than 12.5 mag
RR Lyrae stars are of great importance for investigations of Galacticstructure. However, a complete compendium of all RR-Lyraes in the solarneighbourhood with accurate classifications and coordinates does notexist to this day. Here we present a catalogue of 561 local RR-Lyraestars (V_max ≤ 12.5 mag) according to the magnitudes given in theCombined General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) and 16 fainter ones.The Tycho2 catalogue contains ≃100 RR Lyr stars. However, manyobjects have inaccurate coordinates in the GCVS, the primary source ofvariable star information, so that a reliable cross-identification isdifficult. We identified RR Lyrae from both catalogues based on anintensive literature search. In dubious cases we carried out photometryof fields to identify the variable. Mennessier & Colome (2002,A&A, 390, 173) have published a paper with Tyc2-GCVSidentifications, but we found that many of their identifications arewrong.
| RR Lyrae stars: kinematics, orbits and z-distribution
RR Lyrae stars in the Milky Way are good tracers to study the kinematicbehaviour and spatial distribution of older stellar populations. Arecently established well documented sample of 217 RR Lyr stars withV<12.5 mag, for which accurate distances and radial velocities aswell as proper motions from the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues areavailable, has been used to reinvestigate these structural parameters.The kinematic parameters allowed to calculate the orbits of the stars.Nearly 1/3 of the stars of our sample have orbits staying near the MilkyWay plane. Of the 217 stars, 163 have halo-like orbits fulfilling one ofthe following criteria: Θ < 100 km s-1, orbiteccentricity >0.4, and normalized maximum orbital z-distance>0.45. Of these stars roughly half have retrograde orbits. Thez-distance probability distribution of this sample shows scale heightsof 1.3±0.1 kpc for the disk component and 4.6±0.3 kpc forthe halo component. With our orbit statistics method we found a(vertical) spatial distribution which, out to z=20 kpc, is similar tothat found with other methods. This distribution is also compatible withthe ones found for blue (HBA and sdB) halo stars. The circular velocityΘ, the orbit eccentricity, orbit z-extent and [Fe/H] are employedto look for possible correlations. If any, it is that the metal poorstars with [Fe/H] <1.0 have a wide symmetric distribution aboutΘ=0, thus for this subsample on average a motion independent ofdisk rotation. We conclude that the Milky Way possesses a halo componentof old and metal poor stars with a scale height of 4-5 kpc having randomorbits. The presence in our sample of a few metal poor stars (thus partof the halo population) with thin disk-like orbits is statistically notsurprising. The midplane density ratio of halo to disk stars is found tobe 0.16, a value very dependent on proper sample statistics.
| The GEOS RR Lyr Survey
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Lion |
| Right ascension: | 10h07m43.47s |
| Declination: | +23°59'30.3" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 10.728 |
| Proper motion RA: | -15.5 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -10.2 |
| B-T magnitude: | 11.081 |
| V-T magnitude: | 10.758 |
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