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A Mechanism for Orbital Period Modulation and Irregular Orbital Period Variations in Close Binaries
Orbital period modulation is observed in many magnetically active closebinaries. It can be explained by magnetic connection between two stars.Magnetic connection produces weak force between the two stars. As themagnetic field varies periodically, the orbital period also showscyclical variations. The mechanism can also be used to explain irregularorbital period variations and orbital period jumps. The mean surfacemagnetic strength is calculated by using the Radia package, which isdedicated to 3D magnetostatics computation. On the basis of the results,a practical equation is given to calculate surface magnetic strength.
| B.R.N.O. Contributions #34
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| A period study and light-curve synthesis for the Algol-type semidetached binary XXCephei
We obtained CCD photometric observations of the Algol-type semidetachedbinary XXCephei (XXCep) during 15 nights from 2002 September 17 to 2003February 2, and also on 2005 January 21. Except for those data taken onthe last night of the concentrated observing season, the 3881measurements were obtained over an interval of only 106 nights. Fromthese data, four new times of minimum light were calculated. The (O- C)diagram formed from all available timings, and thus the orbital periodof the system, can be partly represented as a beat effect between twocyclical variations with different periods (yr, yr) and amplitudes(K1=0.015d, K2=0.103d), respectively. Bothphysical and non-physical interpretations of these cycles wereinvestigated. The long-term sinusoidal variation is too long formagnetic cycling in solar-type single and close binary stars. Inaddition, we have studied the effect of a possible secular periodvariation. By analysing the residuals from our Wilson-Devinney (WD)binary model, we found small light variations with a period of 5.99dwith amplitudes growing toward longer wavelengths. We think that theseoscillations may be produced by instabilities at the systemicL1 point (also occupied by the point of the cool star) andthat these instabilities are, in turn, caused by non-uniform andsporadic convection. There is also a short-period oscillation of about45min in the WD light residuals that is attributed to accretion on tothe mass-gaining primary component from a feeble gas stream originatingon the cool donor star.
| Third-Body Parameters from Whole Light and Velocity Curves
Eclipsing binaries can improve multiple system statistics via thelight-time effect and radial velocity shifts. Here an algorithm operateson data of mixed type to exploit these opportunities. Main reasons forenhanced reliability are that (1) combined light and velocity curvesgive better timewise coverage than either type alone, (2) properlyweighted solutions impersonally balance light and velocity information,and (3) the entire theory is within the computer model, so observationsare used directly without corrections. A brief history of mixedwhole-curve solutions is given and the relative importance of light-timeand radial velocity input for third-body parameters is discussed andquantified. Period sifting by power spectral analysis is essentiallyindispensable in preliminary work. Applications are to the Algol-typesystem DM Persei and the detached system VV Orionis. An assumption ofcoplanarity for DM Per's inner and outer orbits is tested and quantifiedby dynamical experiments. Derived third-body parameters for DM Per aremainly reasonable and self-consistent. For comparison with whole-curveresults, we also investigated DM Per's ephemeris in terms of eclipsetimings and found whole-curve solutions to give smaller standard errorsin reference epoch (T0), binary orbit period (P), and dP/dt,over a similar baseline in time. An astonishing outcome is lack ofevidence that can pass reasonable validity tests for VV Ori'swell-accepted third star with P~120 days. Estimates of third light doindicate a third star, but the correct period cannot now be established,so the star cannot be identified as the one heretofore recognized fromradial velocity evidence. The much cited 120 day period appears to be anartifact of the window function for VV Ori's historical velocityobservations.
| CCD Times of Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries
374 CCD minima observations of 187 eclipsing binaries are presented. Theobserved stars were chosen mainly from catalogue BRKA of observingprogramme of Variable Star Section of CAS.
| The connection between the pulsational and orbital periods for eclipsing binary systems
Considering a sample of 20 eclipsing binary systems with δ Scutitype primaries, we discovered that there is a possible relation amongthe pulsation periods of the primaries and the orbital periods of thesystems. According to this empirical relation, the longer the orbitalperiod of a binary, the longer the pulsation period of its pulsatingprimary. Among the sample, the masses of the secondaries and theseparations between the components are known for eight systems for whicha logPpuls versus logF (the gravitational pull exerted pergram of the matter on the surface of the primaries by the secondaries)diagram also verifies such an interrelation between the periods. So, asthe gravitational force applied by the secondary component onto thepulsating primary increases, its pulsation period decreases. Thedetailed physics underlying this empirical relation between the periodsneeds further confirmation, especially theoretically. However, one mustalso consider the fact that the present sample does not contain asufficiently large sample of longer period (P > 5 d) binaries.
| A catalogue of eclipsing variables
A new catalogue of 6330 eclipsing variable stars is presented. Thecatalogue was developed from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS) and its textual remarks by including recently publishedinformation about classification of 843 systems and making correspondingcorrections of GCVS data. The catalogue1 represents thelargest list of eclipsing binaries classified from observations.
| Beobachtungsergebnisse Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Veranderliche Sterne e.V.
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| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
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| An Algol type binary with a δ Scuti component: RZ Cassiopeiae revisited
We present new BV photometry and spectroscopic observations of RZCassiopeiae. The light and radial velocity curves were formed by the newobservations which have been analyzed simultaneously by using theWilson-Dewinney code. The non-synchronous rotational velocityv1sin i = 76 ± 6 km s-1, deduced for theprimary component from the new spectroscopic observations, was alsoincorporated in the analysis. A time-series analysis of the residuallight curves revealed the multi-periodic pulsations of the primarycomponent of RZ Cas. The main peak in the frequency spectrum wasobserved at about 64.197 c d-1 in both B and V bands. Thepulsational constant was calculated to be 0.0116 days. This valuecorresponds to high overtones (n˜6) of non-radial modeoscillations. We find significant changes in the pulsational amplitudeof the primary component from year to year. The peak-to-peak pulsationalamplitude of the main frequency displays a decrease from 0.013 m in 2000to 0.002 m in 2001 and thereafter we have found an increase again in theamplitude to 0.01 m in the year 2002. We propose the mass transfer fromthe cool secondary to the pulsating primary as a possible explanationfor such remarkable changes in the pulsational behavior of the primarycomponent.
| New Times of Minima of Some Eclipsing Binary Stars
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| Period Changes of AO Camelopardalis and AM Leonis and Their Implications for the Presence of Tertiary Components and the Evolutionary States of the Two Overcontact Binary Systems
AO Cam and AM Leo are two short-period overcontact binary systems whosephysical properties are nearly the same. In the present paper, three CCDtimes of minimum light for AO Cam and two photoelectric eclipse timesfor AM Leo are presented. Combining the new determined eclipse timeswith others compiled from the literature, the behavior of their O-Cvariations were investigated. For AO Cam, its orbital period is revised,and it is found that the period shows a cyclic variation with a periodof 20.1 yr and an amplitude of 0.0047 days. In AM Leo, a new periodincrease has occurred recently. Two possibilities of period variations,sudden and continuous changes, are discussed. The period changes of bothsystems cannot be explained by apsidal motion, since both the primaryand the secondary eclipse times vary in the same O-C trend. Of the threemechanisms of magnetic activity cycles, internal mass motions, and thepresence of a third body, we think that the last is more plausible.Assuming that the period changes are due to third bodies revolvingaround the eclipsing pairs, the parameters of the third-component starsare determined. If it exists, the third body in AO Cam is revolving in acircular orbit, whereas that in AM Leo is revolving in an eccentricorbit (e'=0.58). No secular period changes were discovered ineither overcontact binary star, which is in agreement with the recentstatistical relation of Qian. This may suggest that AO Cam and AM Leoare in transition between the angular momentum loss-controlled and thethermal relaxation oscillation-controlled stages of the evolutionaryscheme recently proposed by Qian.
| CCD Times of Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries
682 CCD minima observations of 259 eclipsing binaries made mainly byauthor are presented. The observed stars were chosen mainly fromcatalogue BRKA of observing programme of BRNO-Variable Star Section ofCAS.
| Possible connection between period change and magnetic activity of the very short-period binary VZ Piscium
New times of light minimum of the short-period (P=0d.26)close binary system, VZ Psc, are presented. A period investigation ofthe binary star, by combining the three new eclipse times with theothers collected from the literatures, shows that the variation of theperiod might be in an alternate way. Under the hypothesis that thevariation of the orbital period is cyclic, a period of 25 years and anamplitude of 0.d0030 for the cyclic change are determined. Ifthis periodic variation is caused by the presence of a third body, themass of the third body (m3) should be no less than 0.081Mȯ. Since both components of VZ Psc are strongchromospherically active and the level of activity of the secondarycomponent is higher than that of the primary one, the period may be moreplausibly explained by cyclic magnetic activity of the less massivecomponent.
| An Apparent Descriptive Method for Judging the Synchronization of Rotation of Binary Stars
The problem of the synchronous rotation of binary stars is judged byusing a synchronous parameter Q introduced in an apparent descriptivemethod. The synchronous parameter Q is defined as the ratio of therotational period to the orbital period. The author suggests severalapparent phenomenal descriptive methods for judging the synchronizationof rotation of binary stars. The first method is applicable when theorbital inclination is well-known. The synchronous parameter is definedby using the orbital inclination i and the observable rotationalvelocity (V1,2 sin i)M. The method is mainly suitable for eclipsingbinary stars. Several others are suggested for the cases when theorbital inclination i is unknown. The synchronous parameters are definedby using a1,2 sin i,m1,2 sin3 i, the mass function f (m) andsemi-amplitudes of the velocity curve, K1,2 given in catalogue ofparameters of spectroscopic binary systems and (V1,2 sin i)M. Thesemethods are suitable for spectroscopic binary stars including those thatshow eclipses and visual binary stars concurrently. The synchronousparameters for fifty-five components in thirty binary systems arecalculated by using several methods. The numerical results are listed inTables 1 and 2. The statistical results are listed in Table 3. Inaddition, several apparent descriptive methods are discussed.
| Frequency spectrum of the rapidly-oscillating mass-accreting component of the Algol-type system AS Eri
The first multisite photometric campaign devoted to the rapidlyoscillating mass-accreting (primary) component of the Algol-typeeclipsing binary system AS Eri has confirmed the presence of rapidpulsations with frequency 59.03116 d-1, and revealed thesecond and third oscillation modes with frequencies 62.5631d-1 and 61.6743 d-1, respectively. These modes arerelated to the 5-6 overtone oscillations and are among the shortestperiods excited in non-magnetic MS A-F stars. The nearly equator-onvisibility of eclipsing binaries help to narrow the range of possiblemode identifications for the detectable modes as radial or(l,m)=(1,±1), (l,m)=(2,±2) and (l,m)=(2,±0). Wechecked the high-order pulsation-to-orbital synchronization (POS) usingthe trial mode identification and the Doppler effect correction forfrequencies of non-radial pulsation. We found that (l,m,n)=(1,1,5) or(2,2,5) and (l,m,n)=(2,-2,6) identifications for f1 andf2 modes respectively satisfied the high-order POS. Thesemode identifications are in agreement with the range of modes visible indisk integrated light of an equator-on visible pulsating component.The wavelength distribution of pulsation amplitudes in AS Eri is largestin the Strömgren u filter and decreases toward longer wavelengths.We place AS Eri and other known mass-accreting pulsating components ofAlgols on HR-diagram. They are located inside the instability strip onthe Main Sequence. We also discuss the peculiar evolutionary status ofprimary components in Algols and stress that they are not normal δScuti stars, but form a separate group of pulsators. Finally, we discussproximity and eclipse effects, and have simulated the effect of primaryminimum data gaps that may produce the 1/Porb alias sidelobesin DFT analysis of eclipsing binary data. Aliases from gaps in primaryminimum observations seem to be the principal limitation on spectralwindow functions in asteroseismic studies of eclipsing binaries.
| Catalogue of Algol type binary stars
A catalogue of (411) Algol-type (semi-detached) binary stars ispresented in the form of five separate tables of information. Thecatalogue has developed from an earlier version by including more recentinformation and an improved layout. A sixth table lists (1872) candidateAlgols, about which fewer details are known at present. Some issuesrelating to the classification and interpretation of Algol-like binariesare also discussed.Catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/417/263
| Doppler tomography of Algols
The technique of Doppler tomography has been influential in the study ofmass transfer in Algol-type interacting binaries. The Algols contain ahot blue dwarf star with a magnetically-active late-type companion. Inthe close Algols, the gas stream flows directly into the photosphere ofthe blue mass-gaining star because it does not have enough room to avoidimpact with that star. Doppler tomograms of the Algols have beenproduced from over 2500 time-resolved spectra at wavelengthscorresponding to Hα, Hβ, He I (6678 Å), Si II (6371Å) and Si IV (1394 Å). These tomograms display images ofaccretion structures that include a gas stream, accretion annulus,accretion disk, stream-star impact region, and occasionally a source ofchromospheric emission associated with the cool, mass-losing companion.Some Algol systems alternate between stream-like and disk-like states,and provide direct evidence of active mass transfer within the Algols.This work produced the very first images of the gas stream for theentire class of interacting binaries, and demonstrated that the Algolsare far more active than formerly believed, with variability on timescales of weeks to months.
| δ Sct-type pulsations in eclipsing binary systems: RZ Cas
We present the results of a three-continent multisite photometriccampaign carried out on the Algol-type eclipsing binary system RZ Cas,in which the primary component has recently been discovered to be aδ Sct-type pulsator. The present observations include, for thefirst time, complete simultaneous Strömgren uvby light curvestogether with a few Crawford Hβ data collected around the orbitalphase of the first quadrature. The new observations confirm thepulsational behaviour of the primary component. A detailed photometricanalysis, based on these observations, is presented for both binarityand pulsation. The results indicate a semidetached system where thesecondary fills its Roche lobe. The appearance of the light curvesreveals the presence of the mass stream from the secondary component anda hotspot where this stream impacts on the surface of the primary star.There are also some indications of chromospheric activity in thesecondary. On the other hand, the pulsational behaviour out-of-primaryeclipse can be well described with only one frequency at 64.1935cd-1 similar to the main peak found by Ohshima et al. Theexistence of multiperiodicity is not confirmed in our data. Concerningthe mode identification, our results indicate non-radial pulsation in ahigh radial order (n= 6), with l= 2, |m|= 1, 2 as the most suitable.However, additional effects must be taken into account in thepredictions. Moreover, the pulsation amplitude in the u band is largerthan in b and v, which is unusual among the δ Sct-type variables.This can be explained as due to pulsation in a high n value and close tothe blue edge of the δ Sct region. On the other hand, the earlydata of Ohshima et al. have also been analysed and similar results arefound concerning the frequency content and pulsational amplitude.Finally, a revision of all the photometric out-of-primary-eclipse datasets available in the literature is made together with some additionalunpublished data leading to interesting findings relative to changestaking place in the pulsation amplitudes and frequencies from season toseason. Furthermore, multiperiodicity is probably present in someepochs.
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries
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| The first CCD photometric study of the open cluster NGC 2126
We present the first CCD photometric observations of the northern opencluster NGC 2126. Data were taken on eight nights in February andDecember 2002 with a total time span of ~ 57 hours. Almost 1000individual V-band frames were examined to find short-period variablestars. We discovered six new variable stars, of which one is a promisingcandidate for an eclipsing binary with a pulsating component. Two starswere classified as delta Scuti stars and one as Algol-type eclipsingbinary. Two stars are slow variables with ambiguous classification. Fromabsolute V(RI)C photometry we have estimated the maincharacteristics of the cluster: m-M=11fm0 +/-0fm5 , E(V-I)=0fm4 +/-0fm1, E(V-R)=0fm08 +/-0fm06 (E(B-V)=0fm2 +/-0fm15 ) and d=1.3+/-0.6 kpc.Cluster membership is suggested for three variable stars from theirpositions on the colour-magnitude diagram.
| The Hamburg/RASS Catalogue of optical identifications. Northern high-galactic latitude ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue X-ray sources
We present the Hamburg/RASS Catalogue (HRC) of optical identificationsof X-ray sources at high-galactic latitude. The HRC includes all X-raysources from the ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC) with galacticlatitude |b| >=30degr and declination delta >=0degr . In thispart of the sky covering ~ 10 000 deg2 the RASS-BSC contains5341 X-ray sources. For the optical identification we used blue Schmidtprism and direct plates taken for the northern hemisphere Hamburg QuasarSurvey (HQS) which are now available in digitized form. The limitingmagnitudes are 18.5 and 20, respectively. For 82% of the selectedRASS-BSC an identification could be given. For the rest either nocounterpart was visible in the error circle or a plausibleidentification was not possible. With ~ 42% AGN represent the largestgroup of X-ray emitters, ~ 31% have a stellar counterpart, whereasgalaxies and cluster of galaxies comprise only ~ 4% and ~ 5%,respectively. In ~ 3% of the RASS-BSC sources no object was visible onour blue direct plates within 40\arcsec around the X-ray sourceposition. The catalogue is used as a source for the selection of(nearly) complete samples of the various classes of X-ray emitters.
| 162-nd List of Minima Timings of Eclipsing Binaries by BBSAG Observers
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| Search for A-F Spectral type pulsating components in Algol-type eclipsing binary systems
We present the results of a systematic search for pulsating componentsin Algol-type eclipsing binary systems. A total number of 14 eclipsingbinaries with A-F spectral type primary components were observed for 22nights. We confirmed small-amplitude oscillating features of a recentlydetected pulsator TW Dra, which has a pulsating period of 0.053 day anda semi-amplitude of about 5 mmag in B-passband. We discovered newpulsating components in two eclipsing binaries of RX Hya and AB Per. Theprimary component of RX Hya is pulsating with a dominant period of 0.052day and a semi-amplitude of about 7 mmag. AB Per has also a pulsatingcomponent with a period of 0.196 day and a semi-amplitude of about 10mmag in B-passband. We suggest that these two new pulsators are membersof the newly introduced group of mass-accreting pulsating stars insemi-detached Algol-type eclipsing binary systems.Table 4 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/405/231
| A systematic study of X-ray variability in the ROSAT all-sky survey
We present a systematic search for variability among the ROSAT All-SkySurvey (RASS) X-ray sources. We generated lightcurves for about 30 000X-ray point sources detected sufficiently high above background. For ourvariability study different search algorithms were developed in order torecognize flares, periods and trends, respectively. The variable X-raysources were optically identified with counterparts in the SIMBAD, theUSNO-A2.0 and NED data bases, but a significant part of the X-raysources remains without cataloged optical counterparts. Out of the 1207sources classified as variable 767 (63.5%) were identified with stars,118 (9.8%) are of extragalactic origin, 10 (0.8%) are identified withother sources and 312 (25.8%) could not uniquely be identified withentries in optical catalogs. We give a statistical analysis of thevariable X-ray population and present some outstanding examples of X-rayvariability detected in the ROSAT all-sky survey. Most prominent amongthese sources are white dwarfs, apparently single, yet neverthelessshowing periodic variability. Many flares from hitherto unrecognisedflare stars have been detected as well as long term variability in theBL Lac 1E1757.7+7034.The complete version of Table 7 is only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/403/247
| Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. II. Systems with a giant component
By reanalyzing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of a largesample of spectroscopic binaries containing a giant, we obtain a sampleof 29 systems fulfilling a carefully derived set of constraints andhence for which we can derive an accurate orbital solution. Of these,one is a double-lined spectroscopic binary and six were not listed inthe DMSA/O section of the catalogue. Using our solutions, we derive themasses of the components in these systems and statistically analyzethem. We also briefly discuss each system individually.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997) and on data collected with theSimbad database.
| Zur qualitat der visuellen Beobachtung kurzperiodisch Veranderlicher.
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| Beobachtungsegebnisse Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemainschaft fur Veranderliche Sterne e.V.
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| Orbital period study of the Algol-type eclipsing binary system TW Draconis
The century-long times of light minimum of the Algol-type eclipsingbinary star, TW Dra (BD/+64°1077, SpA5V+K2III), are investigated byconsidering a new pattern of period change. Two sudden period increasesand two successive period decreases are discovered to superimpose on arapid secular increase (dP/dt=+4.43×10-6days/year). Thesecular increase may be caused by a dynamical mass transfer from thesecondary to the primary component(dm/dt=6.81×10-7Msolar/year) that is inagreement with the semi-detached configuration of the system and withthe existence of a hot spot and a gaseous stream in the binary system.The irregular period jumps superimposed on the secular increase can beexplained by the structure variation of the K2-type giant viainstabilities of the outer convective layer or via magnetic activitycycles.
| Photometric study of a pulsating component in the eclipsing binary Y Cam
We present CCD photometric results of the eclipsing binary Y Cam, whoseprimary component has been known to be a delta Scuti type pulsator.Observations were performed for 16 nights, including two primary minima,from November 2000 to May 2001. After correction for light variationscaused by the eclipsing phenomenon, we investigated its pulsatingfeatures in detail. We derived four pulsation frequencies of 15.0473c/d, 18.2852 c/d, 14.8203 c/d and 17.7348 c/d using all data except forthe primary eclipsing phase. The first frequency turned out to beconstant over 40 years but the other frequencies have been changed ornewly excited. It should be noted that V amplitude of the firstfrequency decreased to about a half in comparison with the previousresults.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Drache |
| Right ascension: | 15h33m51.06s |
| Declination: | +63°54'25.7" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.472 |
| Distance: | 121.803 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 9.5 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 17.3 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.811 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.5 |
Catalogs and designations:
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